NGOs: The Unsung Heroes of Social Change

February 27th is observed as International NGO Day, a day dedicated to recognizing the invaluable contributions of civil society organizations in making the world a better place to live. NGOs play a crucial role in addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges, often stepping in where governments and markets fall short. In India, the civil society sector is one of the largest employers, directly engaging over 1.2 million people and providing part-time opportunities to another 2 million individuals. These organizations work tirelessly to drive positive change across communities—empowering marginalized groups, advocating for human rights, delivering essential services, and fostering sustainable development. Yet, despite their significant impact, the NGO sector remains one of the most misunderstood industries. Misconceptions, regulatory challenges, and financial constraints often overshadow the sector’s relentless efforts. On this International NGO Day, it is crucial to acknowledge and celebrate the dedication of civil society organizations and their role in shaping a more just, inclusive, and equitable society.  

Society stands on three strong pillars—the Public Sector, the Private Sector and while the third sector is the Civil Society. The roots of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) trace back to early voluntary groups and religious charities that stepped in to address critical social needs. Throughout history, philanthropy has played a crucial role in providing welfare services, especially during times of disaster and crisis. 

However, the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century truly shaped civil society. As capitalism widened the gap between the rich and the poor, labor unions, cooperatives, and charitable organizations emerged to fight social injustice and protect marginalized communities. They tirelessly work to uplift communities, ensuring that marginalized voices are heard and supported. Their efforts play a crucial role in fighting injustices, advocating for human rights, and promoting social equity. In times of crisis, they are often the first responders, providing relief, rehabilitation, and long-term support to those in need. Since then, NGOs have continued to be champions of social transformation, ensuring that no voice goes unheard. 

While governments and private sector often receive recognition for driving economic growth and development, NGOs and grassroots organizations remain the silent warriors. Their work is invaluable, yet they rarely receive the acknowledgement they deserve. 

Why We Must Celebrate NGOs 

In times of disaster, crisis, or natural calamities, NGOs are often the first to respond—arriving on the frontlines with relief, rehabilitation, and hope. Their resilience in rescuing, supporting, and rebuilding communities is unmatched. When governments and corporations have limitations—whether due to bureaucratic hurdles or shifting priorities—NGOs step in as the people’s voice, bridging the gap between communities and policymakers. 

Their work extends beyond relief efforts. NGOs are at the forefront of advocating for human rights, social justice, environmental protection, and sustainable development. Their activism holds public and private sectors accountable, ensuring that policies and corporate practices serve the greater good. From fighting for climate action to empowering marginalized communities, NGOs drive change that is impactful, inclusive, and lasting. 

Unlike short-term development projects, NGO-led initiatives focus on sustainability. Their approach is community-centered, empowering people to be active participants in their own progress. This is what makes their work transformative and long-lasting. 

From disaster relief efforts like the Tsunami and COVID-19 pandemic to grassroots movements like the Chipko Movement and the Save the Western Ghats Campaign, NGOs have proven time and again that real change starts at the community level. They ensure that development is not just about numbers and policies but about real people and their well-being. 

Do We Acknowledge Their Role Enough? 

Despite their unparalleled contributions, NGOs continue to face immense challenges. In India, according to NGO DARPAN (an initiative by NITI Aayog), there are approximately 1.87 lakh (187,000) registered NGOs and equal number of NGOs are active but not having a darpan Id. Yet, many struggle to secure funding, sustain operations, and navigate complex regulations. 

Stringent laws like the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) have made it difficult for NGOs to access international funding, forcing many to shut down. While they dedicate themselves to serving communities, protecting the environment, and ensuring human rights, they often find themselves fighting for their own survival. 

NGOs are not just support systems; they are change-makers. They fill the gaps where governments fall short, advocate for the unheard, and drive long-term solutions for a better world. However, to continue their work, they need support, recognition, and enabling policies. It’s time we celebrate their spirit, amplify their voices, and stand in solidarity with them. Because when NGOs thrive, society as a whole move towards a more just, inclusive, and sustainable future. 

By Soumyashree Mohanty (The author is Research Associate at CYDA)