By Yuvraj Rathod, MIS Executive, CYDA
Diwali, also known as Deepawali, is one of the most celebrated festivals across India. The word “Deepawali” means “a row of lights,” and it truly represents the victory of light over darkness and good over evil. Diwali continues to shine with vibrant lights, colors, and decorations. However, alongside joy and devotion, the festival also brings growing environmental challenges. Every year during Diwali, the use of firecrackers and sky-shots contributes significantly to air and noise pollution.
Celebration at what cost?
During Diwali 2025, air pollution levels across India spiked sharply due to widespread firecracker use, turning the festival of lights into days of dense smog and breathing discomfort. According to recent reports, PM2.5 levels – tiny particles that can enter the lungs – surged by up to 875% on Diwali night compared to normal days. In Delhi and nearby areas, average PM2.5 levels rose from 157 µg/m³ to nearly 488 µg/m³, several times higher than the safe limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The problem was not limited to the north; in Tamil Nadu, firecracker factories sold crackers worth nearly ₹6,000 crore during Diwali 2024, showing the massive scale of production and use. The burning of these crackers releases sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and heavy metals, leading to thick smog that stays for days. In some cities, the concentration of fine particles became up to 16 times higher than normal levels, reducing visibility and causing irritation in the eyes, coughing, and respiratory distress. Environmental experts have warned that such short-term pollution spikes trap heat, worsen air quality, and contribute to long-term climate and health damage, highlighting the urgent need for cleaner celebrations.
These pollutants not only harm the ozone layer, which protects us from ultraviolet radiation, but also cause respiratory problems, eye irritation, and heart complications – especially among children, the elderly, and animals. The loud noise of crackers also disturbs birds and pets, disrupting the peaceful spirit of the festival. Traditionally, Diwali was celebrated with oil lamps (diyas) made of clay and ghee, which produced natural light and warmth without harming the environment. In contrast, modern fireworks have turned the festival of light into a major source of pollution. To keep the essence of Diwali alive, it is essential to focus on eco-friendly celebrations – lighting diyas, using organic rangolis, planting trees, reducing waste, and saying no to loud or smoky crackers. Each small act of care helps protect the air we breathe and the planet we live on.
The true light of Diwali is not in bursting crackers but in spreading knowledge, peace, and compassion. When we choose a cleaner and safer Diwali, we honour both tradition and nature. The light of Diwali should brighten the world – not darken the skies.
