A LGBTQIA+ Needs Assessment has brought to light the multifaceted challenges and aspirations of Pune’s diverse LGBTQIA+ community. The study, which surveyed a significant number of individuals, reveals a community grappling with economic hardship, societal discrimination, and mental health concerns, while simultaneously demonstrating a remarkable resilience and a strong desire for self-improvement and social inclusion.
The survey paints a picture of a diverse community, with transgender individuals (M-F) representing the largest segment (83.6%), followed by gay individuals (8.9%), bisexuals (2.0%), transgender individuals (F-M) (2.0%), and lesbians (1.3%). This internal diversity underscores the critical need for tailored interventions that address the specific challenges faced by each group within the LGBTQIA+ spectrum.
Economic Vulnerability and Employment Barriers
Economic instability emerges as a particularly pressing concern. A significant portion of respondents relies on traditional, often stigmatized, forms of income generation, such as Bhadai/Mangati (64.1%) and sex work (11.2%). These professions, while sometimes necessary for survival, often carry social stigma and offer limited opportunities for long-term financial stability or career advancement. Adding to the economic strain, 4.6% of respondents reported being unemployed, while another 4.6% were still pursuing their education, highlighting the challenges faced by young LGBTQIA+ individuals trying to establish themselves. The survey also revealed a disparity in income levels, with 57.2% of respondents earning between Rs. 10,000-25,000 per month, 30.9% earning between Rs. 25,000-50,000, and only 8.2% earning above Rs. 50,000. This economic vulnerability is further compounded by workplace discrimination, where many LGBTQIA+ individuals experience bias, and exclusion, limiting their career progression and financial security. Even when employment is accessible, the absence of inclusive policies and protective measures creates a climate of fear and uncertainty.
Discrimination and its Impact on Mental Well-being
Beyond economic struggles, the survey exposes the deep-seated discrimination faced by LGBTQIA+ community. A staggering 69.1% of respondents reported being estranged from their families due to their sexual orientation or gender identity. This familial rejection inflicts a profound emotional toll, with 27.3% expressing feelings of fear upon discovering their sexuality, and many others grappling with guilt, confusion, and self-doubt. The pervasive nature of discrimination is further evidenced by the fact that 68.1% of respondents reported experiencing financial, psychological, verbal, or physical abuse. This abuse, coupled with societal prejudice in public spaces, educational institutions, and even within families, creates a hostile environment that undermines the well-being of LGBTQIA+ individuals. Many LGBTQIA+ individuals struggle to access gender-affirming care and, mental health support.
Union Budget 2025–26: Assessing Inclusivity
The Indian Constitution upholds the right to equality for all citizens and mandates the state to implement measures for inclusive development. The honourable Union Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs, Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman Ji, recently presented the Union Budget 2025–26 in Parliament. The Gender Budget allocation as a share of the total Union Budget has witnessed an increase, rising from 6.8% in FY 2024–25 to 8.86% in FY 2025–26. In the Gender Budget Statement for FY 2025–26, a total allocation of ₹4.49 lakh crore has been earmarked for initiatives aimed at the welfare and empowerment of women and girls. Gender budgeting serves as a strategic framework enabling governments to allocate resources effectively by integrating a gender-responsive approach that addresses the differentiated needs of various gender groups. However, while the Union Budget 2025–26 introduces schemes to gender equality and support first-time entrepreneurs, it does not appear to allocate a distinct focus on the LGBTQIA+ community (specific provisions addressing the LGBTQIA+ community are not prominently featured in the recent budget). Some of the measures such as loan under PM-JAY scheme promote general inclusivity, they do not clearly cater to the unique needs of the LGBTQIA+ community.
Aspirations, Resilience, and the Path Forward
Despite these formidable challenges, the survey reveals a community brimming with resilience and a strong desire for self-improvement. An overwhelming 87.1% of respondents expressed a deep yearning for equality and social acceptance. Furthermore, a remarkable 97.4% showed a keen interest in skill development programs, with 50% specifically expressing a desire for entrepreneurship training. These findings underscore the community’s determination to overcome adversity and build better futures for themselves. The importance of visible LGBTQIA+ role models also emerged as a key theme, with 49% of respondents believing that such figures can provide inspiration and guidance.
Policy Recommendations and the Need for Action
The CYDA survey provides a crucial roadmap for targeted interventions and policy changes. Economic empowerment must be a central focus, with expanded access to entrepreneurship opportunities, digital literacy training, and skill development programs. These initiatives can promote financial independence and mitigate socio-economic vulnerabilities. Legal and social advocacy are also essential to secure equal rights, identity recognition, and address income disparities. Strengthening these efforts through policy reforms and community-driven initiatives can pave the way for a more equitable society.
Beyond legal and economic solutions, promoting inclusivity in corporate settings and broader society is paramount. Businesses can play a transformative role by implementing LGBTQIA+-inclusive policies, ensuring equal employment opportunities, and promoting workplace diversity. Education and awareness campaigns are also crucial for sensitizing families, institutions, and the general public about LGBTQIA+ rights and the challenges faced by the community. These initiatives can create a more supportive and inclusive environment by dismantling stereotypes and cultivating acceptance, where LGBTQIA+ individuals can thrive without fear of discrimination.
The report provides a critical window into the lived experiences of Pune’s LGBTQIA+ community. While discrimination and economic hardship remain significant obstacles, the community’s unwavering resilience and determination to upskill and pursue better opportunities offer a ray of hope. Addressing these needs through inclusive policies, targeted interventions, and promoting social acceptance will be fundamental to building a more just and dignified future for LGBTQIA+ individuals in Pune and beyond. (By Vikas Abnave, Manager of Research and Policy Impact Unit, YAG Ltd., Pune)
